Critical Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Basic Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example In Ted Talks: Making Global Labor Fair, Auret Van Heerden, utilizes a few specialized gadgets to give his discourse. He utilizes facetious inquiries like â€Å"How come the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permitted this to occur? How did the Chinese State Agency for Food and Drugs permit this to happen?† (Auret, 2010). He utilizes facetious inquiries to make the crowd mindful of the government’s duty, just as its disappointment in securing worker’s human rights. The facetious inquiries he presents, he answers. He utilizes this influential procedure to both illuminate and energize the enthusiasm of the crowd. Auret likewise utilizes differentiation to pass his message over. For instance, â€Å"We all adoration chocolate. We get it for our children. 80% of the cocoa originates from Cote dIvoire and Ghana, and its gathered by kids. Cote dIvoire, we have an enormous issue of kid slaves. Kids have been dealt from other clash zones to come and work on the espresso plantations.† He utilizes the talk system to draw a sharp complexity between the severities of the maltreatment of children’s human privileges of those utilized as captives to collect the cocoa used to make the chocolate. The procedure may bomb because of its tendency to summon feelings of the audience members. It is, notwithstanding, a decent technique to show the contrast between the youngsters collecting in the cocoa ranches and those expending the chocolate. The work of these two explanatory gadgets is substantial in light of the fact that they are utilized in suitable examples. For instance, before Auret asked the inquiry for what valid reason the administrations in America and China don't remain to secure the privileges of its residents, he had just spread out realities that show an infringement of human rights. He utilized the method to expose the insufficiencies of the state laws in the universal strategy fields. He likewise utilized the strategy to present his new contention about how the multinationals can be the answers for the issue by utilizing a

Once Upon a Time Essay

‘Once Upon a Time’, was composed by Gabriel Okara, who is a Nigerian writer. He frequently clarifies what happens when a customary African culture meets the powers of the Western lifestyle. I think the sonnet was composed to plot the phony characters of numerous individuals and to attempt to get them to come back to a characteristic and blameless state. The sonnet recounts the discussion between what is by all accounts a dad and child, where the dad needs to gain from his child how to return to ordinariness and never again be phony. The sonnet begins by the dad telling his child how, ‘once upon a time’, individuals, or ‘they’, ‘used to giggle with their hearts’. I believe that the word ‘they’ alludes to western individuals who are white. Additionally this portrayal gives the impression of real feeling emitted by the individuals. He at that point proceeds onward to state that now they just, ‘laugh with their teeth, while their ice-square virus eyes search behind his shadow’. This radiates extremely negative, phony and bogus emotions and it is a freezing portrayal. This influences the tone of the sonnet that presently gets vile and severe. Verse two at that point uncovers a greater amount of the past when it is said that, ‘they used to warmly greet their hearts’, again this picture uncovers valid and real feeling. In any case, similarly as in the main Stanza the current the truth is then examined when it is said that, ‘that has gone, presently they just shake hands without hearts while their left hands search his void pockets’. This shows, again the individuals are phony and appear to utilize the man to perceive what they can get. Sonnet Stanza Four Presents the Adaptations and Solutions. Refrain three at that point goes to clarify increasingly about the progressions he has seen in these bogus individuals. Again the Stanza begins positive with the expressions, ‘feel at home’, ‘come again’, however then proceeds to state that he will come back once more, ‘once, twice’ yet there will ‘be no more thrice’ for then ‘I discover entryways shut on me’. This shows the individuals lie when they state the positive expressions and after a couple of visits they have all that they need from the man; their erroneousness is reflected in the language they use. The initial three Stanzas have a similar structure. They start by telling the past and disclosing how things used to be, however then they tell the negative reality. I think this is utilized to look at the occasions and acquaint the peruser with the circumstance. Refrain four presents the adjustments and arrangements that the man has found to counter the issues. It begins by saying that the man has, ‘learned numerous things’, previously recommending that he has changed to fit in. He at that point clarifies the things he has learnt. He recounts the bogus characters or of his ‘many faces’. He advises that he has figured out how to ‘wear’ these appearances, proposing that he wears faces for various circumstances. For instance, he says he has a, ‘office-face, road face, and host-face, demonstrating that he demonstrations diversely under various conditions. He at that point includes that they have, ‘conforming grins, similar to a fixed portrait’. This recommends much more erroneousness and changes. Sonnet Stanza Five: Learned to Laugh With Only His Teeth. Refrain five of the sonnet recounts the phony ascribes to oblige the phony looks. It likewise rehashes a portion of the demonstrations that were referenced before in the sonnet. Reiteration is by all accounts a key method in this sonnet. He says that he has additionally, ‘learned to chuckle with just his teeth’ and ‘shakes hands without his heart’. This recommends he has duplicated the western ways as this is the thing that they did before in the sonnet. He at that point goes much further by saying he has figured out how to state, ‘Goodbye’ when he implies, ‘Good-riddance’ and ‘Glad to meet you, without being glad’. I believe that the man is embarrassed about himself and is admitting to his child how far the phony perspectives have created, he appears to abhor what he has done. Verse six and seven at that point show the man indicating his lament as he says, â€Å"I need to be what I used to be the point at which I resembled you†, demonstrating that he needs to be completely forthright and honest once more.

Moving On How to Quit Your Job with Grace

Moving On How to Quit Your Job with Grace Finally! The day has arrived when you’ve finally decided to make the big announcement of quitting your job to your colleagues and boss. However, your mind is a mess and you don’t have a clear plan of action on how you should handle the procedure. It’s quite normal to feel awkward and nervous before taking the big step.You are undoubtedly filled with bittersweet emotions and hence, are looking for the perfect way to quit your job gracefully without impacting any relationships in a negative way.The following guidelines will educate you on all the required steps that you should follow for a painless exit strategy. ENVISION A STRATEGY BEFORE THE BIG DAYPreparation for taking the big step of quitting your job requires certain protocols to be executed to ensure a painless and convenient way of leaving the company with grace.Prepare a speech, have a few words with your boss on how the time was well spent, offer your gratitude to all your colleagues, and be prepared for a counter offer that may be offered to you at the last minute by the powers-that-be.Here are the most important aspects to consider before you post your final notice.Let your Boss be the First to know  Your boss happens to be the most influential figure during your time of employment, hence, it’s your responsibility to notify him before spreading the news to your colleagues. It’s important to consider that your boss could have many important projects lined up and may not be available to have a one-on-one session when you approach him.Schedule an appointment with him or let him know that you have something important to talk to. Y ou could also try catching him at the beginning of the day when things aren’t too busy, this allows you to pour your heart out and explain why you are leaving the company. Your boss may have a few words of inspiration and might even try to offer you advice on your new job. This is valuable advice from someone far more experienced and you should seriously consider it.Not every employee has a positive relationship with their bosses, nonetheless, it’s considered impolite to send your notice by e-mail or by SMS. During your recommendation letter, your boss may not have the best things to write about you and this can affect your prospects in your new job.Refrain from offering feedback on other employees to your boss on the day of departure, you never know when you may need their help or end up crossing paths in the future. Also, keep the matter strictly professional and offer a personal note of thanks without the need for gifts and other festivities.Here’s a summarized video by Eva n Carmichael on how to tell your boss that you are quitting the company. Provide Backup in Transition Planning When Required of You  Ensure all your work commitments, project reports, business follow-ups, and client deadlines are completed before you quit the job. This can positively affect your relationship with your co-workers and managers. You can be the role model for the company that affects future candidates on how to complete their work tasks before posting their resignation.If another employee has been assigned as part of a transition plan to replace you, politely oblige and showcase the day-to-day schedule on how the new employee can ease into your position. Your fellow colleague will be grateful for your helping hand and your boss will be sure to add in a detailed description in your recommendation letter.By keeping a tidy work desk on the last day of work, you demonstrate that you value your position in the company even to the final day. Being messy shows a lack of discip line and can showcase a poor code of conduct by you. Remember, by following appropriate protocols in the workplace, you instill positive guidelines into yourself and become a valuable member of any company you choose to join.Be Prepared to Take up a Counter-offer  During your exit interview, a counter-offer, by increasing your paycheck, can arise if you are considered valuable to the company. It’s not unusual for companies to bribe their employees with a promotion if their services are in great demand. Instead of declining, request your seniors for a day or two to think over it and carefully consider the counter-offer.It’s in your best interests to weigh the pros and cons of a counter-offer over your new job. The biggest advantage is that you get to increase your pay without having to move desks and you are already accustomed to the workings of your company. If you have gained a promotion, consider the responsibilities of the new position and the additional workload that comes w ith it.It’s alright to be bold and ask for a higher pay when faced with a counter-offer. Remember, they are the ones that need your services, so it’s alright to hike the offer by a few numbers. However, don’t be selfish in your endeavors and ask for more than you are worth, this can have negative consequences.If you’re stuck with your principles and no hike in your salary can stop you from pursuing your goals, then politely decline and offer your sincerest gratitude and proceed to move on.Don’t Quit Before You’ve Made Peace with Your Co-workers  Professional rifts or a former feud with a colleague can cause confusion on whether you should be the better person and apologize or storm off leaving them in the dust. In such situations, it’s always better to extend a hand of friendship and let bygones be bygones. After all, after a month in your new job, you won’t remember any of the past controversies, but you can leave your present job with a clean conscience at the very least.Who knows, you could also find a friend for life just by offering a second chance at starting again. It’s always the better move to create more professional contacts in your career than to lose a few due to an ego clash.While its normal to expect some people to react differently, for example â€" them being happy knowing of your departure. Do understand that their presence has no place in your future and such employees are better off not being a part of your career prospects. You will always be happy to know that if you’ve been a valuable employee, you will have a dozen friends for every resentful co-worker.Create a Thank-you Note to Express your positive feelings  You’ve obviously not made it this far in your professional career all by yourself. Take the time to make a list of all the people who’ve helped you and assisted you when the times were tough. Remember that colleague who once took your shift because you had a party to rush off to? â€" Add them to your list.By remembering the little positive things and writing a personalized thank-you note to your co-workers, you provide them with happiness thanks to your little gesture. Also, be sure to leave your contact information behind and do stay in touch with them. You never know when you could need their help, or you could reach out to help them by informing them of an opportunity.Refrain from bragging about your new job in front of your colleagues. It’s great that you made it this far in your professional venture but that doesn’t give you the right to make your co-workers feel bad. Leave the office on good terms and do offer to help your colleagues in any project they are working on during your 2-week notice, if you have the time to spare. There’s no better way to express gratitude than to help ease the burden of your fellow comrades.HELPFUL TIPS TO PREPARE FOR DURING YOUR 2-WEEK NOTIVE PERIODThe standard 2-week notice period can be an important time for you to execute the above plans whi le also showcasing your positive abilities. It’s normal for employees to relax and conduct themselves in a non-professional manner by chatting away with their colleagues and not taking their work seriously. After all, the new job is yours, what could go wrong, right?Wrong!You have every reason to prove yourself to ensure the recommendation letter that reaches you has all your positive qualities mentioned. If your boss decides to write an awful review of your professional qualities, your new boss may immediately be concerned and may even consider firing you.Hence, it’s important to follow protocol and pay specific attention to the following points.Offer Feedback During Your Exit Interview  Was the company able to fulfill your career requirements? Were you able to learn new skills from the company? Is the workforce within the company up to the standards? Care to share a few points on how to improve the company? These are some of the questions that employers are looking to learn fr om their employees to ensure a quality working environment.As an employee, it’s your responsibility to offer feedback to improve the current state of the company. For example, If there is a much-needed equipment that could improve production and ease the workload of your co-workers, then write it down in the feedback letter.On a personal front, do mention what the company taught you over the years and how satisfied you were with the company. These questions can help a company grow and make appropriate decisions during the next board meeting. Most companies tend to review the feedback forms of their past employees. This allows them to better assess the situation and make the necessary changes to bring improvement.Remember to always put your thoughts on paper and not discuss any improvements with your co-workers. It’s impolite to talk about the flaws with your office mates when you are quitting your job. It also goes without saying that being honest in your feedback can really boo st the company’s performance over a period.Maintain a Friendly Demeanor  During the last 2-weeks of your job, it’s easy to lose yourself by becoming selfish, after all, you have no reason to fear anyone. This behavior can call for an ugly confrontation and a lot of feuds that can cause you to be mentally harassed. By being friendly, you can gain brownie points from your seniors that can affect your recommendation letter in a positive light.By complimenting your company and talking about it in a positive sense, you can boost the morale of your comrades and help them achieve even greater heights. There’s no greater happiness than having your junior co-workers call you and ecstatically talk about the promotion they just received and how your motivational words had a hand in it.Don’t forget your company gave you a job and a means of security when you most needed it, it’s your turn to pay it back. Never ask your office mates to follow suit by lecturing them on the negative draw backs of the company. If word spreads around to your seniors, they won’t find it a least bit amusing.Maintain a friendly appearance even if you don’t feel like it, after all, it’s just 2-weeks of showing up to work. And when the final day comes, don’t forget to say goodbye to everyone and leave the office feeling like a champ for enduring it all.Different People Will Provide Different Reactions: Maintain a Straight Face  Let’s face it, it’s unlikely for all your co-workers to react the same way to hearing the news of your departure. While most would be emotional enough to cherish the fond memories they had with you, others may be elated at you vacating the post. In these times, it’s important to never lose your cool or act in an unprofessional manner.Since your employer is legally obliged to terminate your contact information linked to the company, it’s important to share your personal contact number and e-mail with your co-workers on the last day of work. This is so that you can stay connected to them even after you’ve exited the company. Making professional contacts is incredibly valuable and it’s considered a good practice to keep a list of all known associates you’ve worked for.If you have any mentors or sponsors from another department, it’s important to schedule an individual meeting and ensure you are on good terms and explain the reason for leaving. If there are too many colleagues to individually address within the 2-week period, it’s alright to write a personalized e-mail.Do remember that the last day of work is an incredibly important day, it’s the last time your co-workers and managers see you in a professional environment and it’s critical to maintain a friendly demeanor if you want to be remembered in a positive sense.Be Regular Until the Last Working Day  It might seem like the easy route out by posting your two-week notice and not showing up for work until the very last day of work. This can prove disastrous for yo ur career and you could end up receiving a lawsuit by the company. The 2-week period is an important time frame that allows your employer to find another candidate that can replace you. Hence, it’s necessary that you show up during this time and complete your outstanding work commitments.By being irregular, your employers will have no other choice than to blacklist you for being an unprofessional candidate. All the years of working tirelessly can mean nothing in the end if you end up being lackadaisical.Create a 2-week regimen with great emphasis on punctuality, show up for work earlier than usual and complete any unfinished projects. Ensure you have all your reports submitted and leave no stone unturned for your manager or boss to feel disappointed in you during your last day of work.BE GRATEFUL FOR ALL THAT YOU LEARNT IN YOUR TIME WITH THE COMPANYThe first thing to learn in your professional career is to never forget the roots that helped you grow into the tree you are today. Th e best way you can thank your current company is by working hard until the last minute of the final day and ensuring all your co-workers are treated with respect upon your departure. Offer your last-minute goodbyes to every member of the company, no matter how small their role was. You never know when you could run into each other again on a professional front and you wouldn’t want your previous negative encounter to ruin things for you.If you’ve been asked to serve a longer notice period than the required 2-week duration, you can politely decline and explain that a longer notice period clashes with your joining date for the new job. However, it’s your duty to ensure you leave no pending work for the employee that replaces you, to take over.Don’t forget to collect any employee benefits you may have missed on the last day. This could include unused vacation pay, sick pay, pension plan, insurance, tax rebate, etc. It’s also in your best interests to return any company proper ty that might be in your possession â€" company phone, keys, documents, security access codes, etc.If you are confused about making the right decision on whether to quit or stay with your current job, this video segment by John Baybay is the right guide to alleviate your situation. CONCUSIONTurning in your resignation doesn’t necessarily have to be a stressful experience. Make sure the details of your new job are finalized before you submit your final papers. Create a checklist to ensure the transition process is executed smoothly. The resignation letter should strictly be professional and must be written with a tone of gratitude in mind.When in doubt, always refer to the internet for ideas on how to write a professional resignation letter. By following the steps in this guide, you can be sure you’ve managed to impress your boss and your co-workers and give them a full understanding of how to sign off professionally.

What Color Bead Bug - 1042 Words

Introduction The purpose of the lab was to see what color bead bug would survive the longest in the environment. By performing the experiment, natural selection was being tested. Natural selection is when organisms that are most suited to the environment survive and reproduce more successfully. Certain colored bead bugs would survive longer, because they blended in. The bead bugs that are a more prominent color stood out more and were eaten right away. This experiment displays how the population of bead bugs changes over the generations, due to the amount being eaten and the amount of bead bugs that were reproduced. Theory Evolution is â€Å"the process by which organisms have changed over time† (Biology 450). Charles Darwin is responsible†¦show more content†¦Some of the adaptations may include claws, behaviors, and the ability to camouflage (Biology 460). Darwin realized there was a connection with the way an organism survives and their environment. Different adaptations affect an organism s fitness and the type of environment (Biology 460). â€Å"The difference in rates of survival and reproduction is called survival of the fittest† (Biology 460). Organisms with characteristics that are suited for the environment have the ability to survive and reproduce. However, organisms that have characteristics that are not suited for the environment have a low survival rate and have a limited number of offspring (Biology 460). Natural selection relates to the lab because only certain colored bead bugs were able to survive. The bead bugs that had an adaptation of color were able to blend in. The bead bugs that had a color that stood out were often eaten first. The bead bugs that have a color adaptation on their side had a higher survival rate and were able to reproduce and have many offspring. The bead bugs that did not have a color adaptation stood out. They had a low survival rate and had little to no to offspring. If the clear bead bug is put in the environment then it will survive the longest, because it will be able to blend in with the colors in the habitat. Materials Cloth Beads (red, blue, clear, black, orange) Pen/Pencil Procedure Begin with 20 bead bugs (4 red, 4 black, 4

Participating in team sports helps to develop good...

Do team sports really help to develop good character? Do you agree or not? Well, that seems to be an interesting question. A vast number of people will agree with this statement, while others have so many conflicts regarding about this. I believe that there are ways numbers of merits comparable to demerits. Participating means engaging or taking part in an activity. The word TEAM can be expressed to mean Together Everyone Achieves More. Character defines what a person is, how a person interacts with others. Even the good character involves courage, honesty, compassion, generosity, fidelity, fairness, self-control and prudence. Scholars define character as an individual’s internal state that manifests itself in one’s behavior.†¦show more content†¦That reveals that sports and games are really imperative for human body and health. Health is wealth and if a person loses health than that person surely will be left in mental work. As we know sound body has a sound mind. Furthermore team sports teach the value of responsibility. The punctuality must be maintained in practice and sports. Punctuality which requires time management to be present at a specific time. The people those who disagree believe that due to the participation of a team sports adults cannot get enough time to put afford on their studies and to do other vital tasks of life. As they have to give more Imperativeness toward the sports, and trying to be punctual to play sports will lead to irresponsibility’s for their studies. Means that there would be a higher probability to achieve a poor result. In addition to team sports develop interpersonal skills. They teach juveniles, adults and even old people, how to communicate with others. Team sports also teach conflict resolution skills. When two players having disagreed with a plan, causing an altercation. Eventually they have to work simultaneously to come to reconciliation that satisfies each other. The people those who c ontradict believe that being an individual is far better as that person do not have to argue with others. So, he or she can take their own notions to achieve the goal. Team sports help with teamwork, sportsmanship and creatingShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Team sports in Child Development751 Words   |  3 Pagesalso want their kids to develop a good structural foundation of social skills and behavioral skills. What a better way for these parents children to develop these skills then putting them through team sports. The saying has always been that there is no I in team, and that is so an individual does not possess the need to care about oneself and puts his team ahead of himself. Team stands for, Together Everyone Achieves More. With this being said, participating as a team, this encourages an individualRead MoreSports Are Good For Children1330 Words   |  6 Pages Organized Sports are Good for Children As time passes and as technology is advancing, the tradition of playing outside is diminishing rapidly. Many people concentrate on their electronic devices in their ages as early as three. Sports are the most effective way that children express their joyfulness and brilliance. It provides children advantages of physical activities, confidence, and enjoyment. Participating in organized sports in early ages can produce the greatest results for children. OrganizedRead MoreThe Effects Of Organized Sports On Children1332 Words   |  6 PagesOrganized Sports are Good to Children As the time pass, and as the technology is advancing rapidly, the tradition of playing outside is diminished rapidly. Many people are concentrating on their electronic devices in ages early as three. Sports is the most effective way that children can express their joyful and brilliance. It prepares children with advantages of physical activities, confidence, and enjoyment. Participating in organized sports when kids are young arise the greater results. ThereRead MoreBenefits of Youth Sports1382 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Youth Sportsâ€Å"Sports do not build character. They reveal it,† said John Wooden, legendary UCLA basketball coach. Playing sports not only provides physical activity, but also other positive benefits. This is especially true for children. A well-structured and organized youth program will provide benefits and positive experiences for young athletes. While children are having fun participating in sports they are also building character, learning to w ork as a team, and playing fairly. MostRead MoreBenefits and Disadvantages of Being Part of a Team Sport1591 Words   |  7 PagesTEAM SPORT ASSIGMENT There are both benefits and disadvantages of being a part of a team sport. For this assignment, I have listed the pros and cons below, giving a brief but detailed description of each reason stated for both sides of the argument. Pros: †¢ teaches interdependence †¢ teaches cooperation †¢ theres always a replacement when someone is hurt or tired †¢ theres less pressure (people arent always looking at you) Friendship Playing sports enables you to create friendships you otherwiseRead More Why Physical Education is Important Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesbe defined as the systematic development of the mind, capabilities, and/or character through instruction or study. This is also the purpose of education. This purpose is met through the curriculum taught, how the curriculum is taught, and the nature of the curriculum taught. 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It is important that the teacher meets the needs of all stude nts, especially those who are not athletically gifted. Having everybody in the class participate in any sort of athletic exercise should be established. Having kids who are overweight sit out or do soft exercises while everybody else perform intense exercises isn’t going to help the overweight kids. Having everybodyRead MoreThe Love Of Sports Can Start At An Early Age846 Words   |  4 Pages The love of sports can start at an early age. Many parents start involving their child or children into sports during Elementary School. Involving a child into sports can help a child connect with other genders, the media, other races, the school system, and religion. A child can also face many challenges and gain several of strengths by participating in sports. Last but not least, there are some changes that should be made within sports. To begin with, I took the time out to interview a young maleRead MoreSports : A Major Influence On Youth Development Essay1755 Words   |  8 PagesBenefits of Sports Nelson Mandela once said â€Å"sports have the power to change the world† (Sanchez, 2014). Sports are a major influence on youth development, affecting physical health, mental health, social skills, contributing to academic success, building character, and creating valuable lessons. They can provide opportunities to exercise, spend time with friends and compete in a healthy environment, while also reducing the rates of juvenile arrests, teen pregnancies and school dropouts (Foundation

A Thousand Splendid Suns Free Essays

â€Å"Justice and power must be brought together so that whatever is just, may be powerful and whatever is powerful may be just† With all people, power is justified throughout all aspects of life. More importantly, the rare nature of power of women makes that even more incredible. As many nations over the course of history, and even in today’s time, show, women have never been given the honour of holding power. We will write a custom essay sample on A Thousand Splendid Suns or any similar topic only for you Order Now With of course, the exception of such women as Cleopatra and Donna Marina. However, with all power comes, as many Hollywood movies and TV shows state, â€Å"with responsibility† and many can be swayed to join the side of corruption, greed and wealth, exploiting their power to make as much profit as possible. Khaled Hosseini’s tragic text, A Thousand Splendid Suns, conveys all the characteristics of a powerful text, incorporating the inner strength of women contrasted with the discrimination of the same gender. This text is amplified by John Boyne’s novel, The Boy in the Stripped Pajamas. Throughout the entire novel, both Mariam and Laila endure a lot of obstacles and heartache purely because of their gender. Yet they continue to persevere and overcome their challenges. It is their strength and power within themselves which allows â€Å"justice and power† to be â€Å"brought together†, as the women of that nation would not have been allowed to voice their opinions, let along hold any power over authority, as the text describes the main antagonist being constricted by their husband. The dialogue â€Å"A man’s heart is a wretched, wretched thing. It isn’t like a mother’s womb. It won’t bleed. It won’t stretch to make room for you† conveys fear, and powerlessness. The persona does not feel any power, but feels isolation instead. This demonstrates women’s place in many nations in the poorer parts of the world. However, later the text states that â€Å"Laila has moved on†. This quote highlights the persona empowering herself. She has moved on from her abusive husband and now â€Å"whatever is powerful may be just†, aligning the quote with the persona. How to cite A Thousand Splendid Suns, Essay examples A Thousand Splendid Suns Free Essays string(135) " sees the disastrous events that have taken place in Afghanistan as well as the sturggle that women have endured to gain independence\." Khaled Hosseini is one of the most admired Afghani authors of the 21st century. He is best know for works such as The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns that explore the hardships of living in Afghanistan during the Soviet Invasion and Taliban regime. This paper will discuss the life and work of Khaled Hosseini with special emphasis on the effect on women in Afghan society in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns. We will write a custom essay sample on A Thousand Splendid Suns or any similar topic only for you Order Now Khaled Hosseini was born on March 4, 1965. He is the eldest of five children, and was born in Kabul, Afghanistan where his father worked for the foreign ministry and his mother taught Persian literature. Hosseini’s father was relocated to work in Tehran, where Hosseini’s passion for Persian literature grew and inspired him to write short stories of his own. In 1973 the Afghan King, Zahir Shah was overthrown by his own cousin, Daoud Khan, in a bloodless coup. In 1976, Hosseini’s father was again relocated to Paris where Khaled and his family moved. Only two years after Daoud Khan’s reign, he was overthrown by a communist faction, and killed. Hosseini’s family, now wary of the Soviet impact in Afghanistan, were granted political asylum in the United States. Although Hosseini struggled with English in his first year of high school, he was greatly inspired by John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, to continue his passion for writing. Determined to make ends meet for him and his family, after graduating high school in 1984 he enrolled in Santa Clara University to study biology, and later earn a his bachelor’s degree in 1988. Hosseini became a practicing internist after he gained his Medical degree at the University of California. Hosseini joined the Kaiser Permanente Health Maintenance Organization and settled in Mountain View, California with his wife, Roya, to start a family. Throughout Hosseini’s medical studies he felt it was his responsibility to tell the world about the country he knew, before it was consumed with war, so he published his first novel The Kite Runner. He told the story of two Afghan boys who’s lives undertake different paths with the events of the war. â€Å"The Kite Runner spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and returned to the list five years after its initial ppearance† (Khaled Hosseini Biography). In 2003, following the success of his first novel, Hosseini returned to Afghanistan after twenty seven years. Where he felt devastated and shocked the remains of his country. In 2006 he joined the United Nations High Commissioner for refugees, from war zones around the world. Since 2003 Hosseini had been working on his second novel which foc uses on the effect of women during the Soviet Invasion and under the Taliban dictatorship. A Thousand Splendid Suns, like the first novel became an international bestseller, while The Kite Runner became a highly acclaimed motion picture. Khaled Hosseini gave up his medical practice to write and continue his work for the United Nations. (Khaled Hosseini Biography; â€Å"Khaled Hosseini | Biography) A Thousand Splendid Suns is divided into four parts. In part one we meet Mariam. Mariam lives with her Nana in a kolba and is the illegitimate child of a wealthy cinema owner from Herat. Mariam praised the ground her father, Jalil walked on. But when her mother kills herself and she’s sent to live with her father, she realizes that she’s the personification of shame to her him. Jalil marries Mariam off to Rasheed, a shoe make from Kabul who turns out to be an abusive husband. In part two of the novel we meet Laila. She was born on the same day the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. Due to the fact that her older brothers are off at war with the Soviets, Laila’s mother is in deep depression. Laila tells about her best friend Tariq, who she later falls in love with, and about her days during and after the Soviet Invasion. The day Tariq tells Laila that he’s leaving Kabul due to the bombs reigning down on the city, they spontaneously end up having sex. Then two weeks after Tariq’s departure, Laila’s family also decides to leave, but a bomb hits her house and kills her parents. In part three Mariam and Rasheed take Laila in and nurse her back to health. When Laila finds out she is pregnant with Tariq’s child she decides to marry Rasheed so that he believes the child is his. Mariam and Laila are enemies at first, but Rasheed’s abusive behavior manages to bring them together. In an extreme act of self-sacrifice Mariam kills Rasheed in order to save Laila’s life, and turns herself in to the authorities. In part four Laila runs away with Tariq, who comes back after so many years where they manage to make a living in a hotel where they also work at. In order to pay tribute to Mariam, Laila decides to visit Herat where she sees the kolba that Mariam and her mother lived in, she reads the letter Mariam’s father had left her, and when she finds out that she’s pregnant with her third child, she decides that if it’s a girl she’ll name her Mariam. A Thousand Splendid Suns tells of the relationship of two unlikely women who are brought together by the events taking place in their country. It’s our lot in life, Mariam. Women like us. We endure. It’s all we have† (19). Mariam didn’t heed the words of her mother back then in the kolba, but she did learn throughout her life that women in general had to endure the many hardships that life presented. The Soviet Invasion and Taliban regime has had a lasting effect on the women of Afghanistan. T hey have struggled with the Taliban’s political reign in government as well the the â€Å"cultural contraints†¦of tradition and religion†(Women in Afghanistan: Pawns in men’s power struggles). Through the lives of Mariam and Laila one sees the disastrous events that have taken place in Afghanistan as well as the sturggle that women have endured to gain independence. You read "A Thousand Splendid Suns" in category "Essay examples" One can see where the â€Å"notions of honour and shame†¦emphasise female modesty and purity†(Women in Afghanistan: Pawns in men’s power struggles) through Mariam’s birth. Mariam’s mother was cast out of the house she lived in as a servant for having a passing affair with the owner of the house who was wealthy and of high class. Mariam thus considered herself â€Å"an illegitimate person who would never have legitimate claim to the things other people had†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (4). Furthermore, in a poor excuse to rid himself of the shame and dishonor he brought upon his family, Mariam’s father marries her off. [He] â€Å"didn’t have the [heart] either†¦to stand up to his family, to his wives and in-laws, and accept responsibility for what he had done†(7). When Laila was rescued from the remains of her house and Rasheed claimed that her living in his house would â€Å"look dishonorable†(214) shows that a women’s honor and purity means everything in Afghan society, and to ruin those things means bringing shame upon oneself and one’s family. That is why Laila agreed to marry him, because she knew that if anyone were to find out she was pregnant and unmarried, she would be thrown out into the streets, and plenty of unimaginable things were to happen it to her then. Sura 4:34 â€Å"Men stand superior to women in that God hath preferred the one over the other †¦ Those whose perverseness you fear, admonish them and remove them into bed chambers and beat them, but if they submit to you then do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great. † (qtd. in Legacy of the Prophet) This quote suggest that male relatives have the authority to beat their wives if they disobey them. They are many incidents in A Thousand Splendid Suns where Mariam and Laila are beaten into submission. Mariam is forced to chew on pebbles as a demonstration of how her food tastes to her husband, and is left spitting â€Å"out pebbles, blood, and the fragments of two broken molars†(104). The Quran also states that women are to be beaten if they deny their husbands bed; Mariam is threatened to be beaten because Rasheed (her husband) claims that she is influencing Laila to not sleep with him. Mariam and Laila were tortured after they tried to escape Rasheed’s home by being locked in separate rooms, where they went without water and food for days. Laila is severely beaten, almost to the point of death, when Rasheed finds out that she allowed Tariq into his home and allowed him to see her without a burqa. Male relatives in Afghanistan also have a right to honor killings, if a women is not a virgin on her wedding night her male relatives have the right to kill her in order to avenge the family honor. If a wife is accused of adultery she is stoned to death, and if a woman is caught with a man who is not a relative, she is given a hundred lashes and a year in prison (Islam and Women’s Rights). Men are not greatly punished for the same â€Å"crime† that women commit since many of them can have multiple wives and concubines. This shows the injustice between men and women in Afghanistan and how tradition and religion is used to control their everyday lives. The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1978 gave woman a better sense of independence. This new governmental reform encouraged woman to a better education, teach in schools, work in hospitals, and permitted them to not wear a burqa. This reform also included the prohibition of forced marriages and also raised the marriage age to sixteen. â€Å"Women have always had it hard in this country†¦but they’re probably more free now, under the communist, and have more rights than they’ve ever had before†(135). According to the Commision on the Status of Women one must fight against the use of tradition in order to eliminate the discrimination of women (Women in Afghanistan). But such reforms were not taken lightly and were deemed un-Islamic, and thrust Afghanistan into a civil war between Soviet troops and the Mujahideen. â€Å"Of course, women’s freedom is also one of the reasons people out there took up arms in the first place† (135) The next ten years resulted in millions of Afghans leaving the country due to the fighting in many rural areas where men, women, and children became targets of the war at their doorstep. After the Soviet retreat in 1989, the Mujahideen were in a political power struggle that resulted in mass hysteria and the rise of the Taliban. Before the Soviet Invasion and Taliban regime, men and women were declared equal through God. They were given the right to vote, choose their own partners, and a right to an inheritance. But under the Taliban all of these rights were taken away, and many of their laws favored men over women (The Plight of the Afghan Woman). â€Å"Attention Women: You will stay in your homes at all times. It is not proper for women to wander aimlessly about the streets. If you go outside, you must be accompanied by a male relative. If you are caught alone on the street, you will be beaten and sent home†¦Girls are forbidden from attending school. All schools for girls will be closed immediately. Women are forbidden from working. If you are found guilty of adultery, you will be stoned to death†(278) Although female health professionals were still given the liberty to work under strict rules, they had harsh woking conditions. Many hospitals weren’t provided with the necessary tools in order to work on patients. â€Å"They had no clean water,†¦no oxygen, no medication, no electricity†(286). Women were segregated from men in every aspects of life, but wouldn’t it be fair to provide them with the necessities they needed in order for survival? Not only did these hospitals not have the equipment needed, they were probably too far to travel to if someone was at risk of dieing. It is because of these reason’s that Afghanistan has the â€Å"second highest infant mortality rate as well maternal mortality rate in the world†(Afghanistan: Mortality Rates Remain High For Mothers, Newborns). The Taliban’s interpretation of Islamic law has reduced women to poverty, worsened their health, and deprived them to an education. Even though they have taken away basic individual rights, the Taliban’s laws against women were particularly inhumane. [Mariam] remembered Nana saying once that each snowflake was a sigh heaved by an aggrieved woman somewhere in the world. That all the sighs drifted up the sky, gathered into clouds, then broke into tiny pieces that fell silently on the people below. â€Å"As a reminder of how women like us suffer†¦How quietly we endure all that falls upon us† (91). The women of Afghanistan have endured a lot in these past 33 years. They have struggled between life and death, poverty, and hopelessness. Through the connection of two unlikely friends one learns of the hopes and despairs people face in times of war and dictatorship. A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini has managed to portray the events that have taken place in Afghanistan and the injustice, suffering, and endurance that women face in everyday life. Works Cited Esfandiari, Golnaz. â€Å"Afghanistan: Mortality Rates Remain High For Mothers, Newborns – Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. † Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty – Free Media in Unfree Societies. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. rferl. rg/content/article/1068295. html/content/article/1068295. html. Freeman, John. â€Å"A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini | Book Reviews | Chron. com – Houston Chronicle. † Houston News, Entertainment, Search and Shopping | Chron. com – Houston Chronicle. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. chron. com/disp/story. mpl/life/books/reviews/4834205. html. Hosseini, Khaled. A Thousand Spl endid Suns. Bandung: Qanita, 2007. Print. â€Å"Khaled Hosseini | Biography. † Khaled Hosseini | A Thousand Splendid Suns. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. khaledhosseini. com/hosseini-bio. html. Khaled Hosseini Biography — Academy of Achievement. † Academy of Achievement Main Menu. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. achievement. org/autodoc/page/hos0bio-1. â€Å"The Legacy of the Prophet. † Dhushara. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. dhushara. com/book/zulu/leg. htm. Papas, Voula. â€Å"Islam and Women’s Rights | Atheist Foundation of Australia Inc. † Atheist Foundation of Australia Inc | Founded 1970. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. atheistfoundation. org. au/articles/islam-and-womens-rights. Qazi, Abdullah. â€Å"The Plight of the Afghan Woman. † Afghanistan Online. Web. 14 Mar. 010. http://afghan-web. com/woman/. â€Å"Women in Afghanistan: Pawns in Men’s Power Struggles. † PeaceWomen Project. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. pea cewomen. org/resources/Afghanistan/AIAfghanWomen. html. â€Å"Women’s Human Rights Resources – Women in Afghanistan. † Bora Laskin Law Library, University of Toronto Faculty of Law. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. . Bibliography Esfandiari, Golnaz. â€Å"Afghanistan: Mortality Rates Remain High For Mothers, Newborns – Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. † Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty – Free Media in Unfree Societies. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. ferl. org/content/article/1068295. html/content/article/1068295. html. Freeman, John. â€Å"A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini | Book Reviews | Chron. com – Houston Chronicle. † Houston News, Entertainment, Search and Shopping | Chron. com – Houston Chronicle. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. chron. com/disp/story. mpl/life/books/reviews/4834205. html. Hosseini, Khaled. A Thousand Splendid Suns. Bandung: Qanita, 2007. Print. â€Å"Khaled Hosseini | Biography. † Khaled Hoss eini | A Thousand Splendid Suns. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. khaledhosseini. com/hosseini-bio. html. Khaled Hosseini Biography — Academy of Achievement. † Academy of Achievement Main Menu. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. achievement. org/autodoc/page/hos0bio-1. â€Å"The Legacy of the Prophet. † Dhushara. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. dhushara. com/book/zulu/leg. htm. Papas, Voula. â€Å"Islam and Women’s Rights | Atheist Foundation of Australia Inc. † Atheist Foundation of Australia Inc | Founded 1970. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. atheistfoundation. org. au/articles/islam-and-womens-rights. Qazi, Abdullah. â€Å"The Plight of the Afghan Woman. † Afghanistan Online. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. ttp://afghan-web. com/woman/. â€Å"Women in Afghanistan: Pawns in Men’s Power Struggles. † PeaceWomen Project. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. peacewomen. org/resources/Afghanistan/AIAfghanWomen. html. â€Å"Women’s Human Rights Resour ces – Women in Afghanistan. † Bora Laskin Law Library, University of Toronto Faculty of Law. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. http://www. law-lib. utoronto. ca/diana/afghanwomen. htm. Yardley, Jonathan. â€Å"Jonathan Yardley – Jonathan Yardley – Washingtonpost. com. † Washingtonpost. com – Nation, World, Technology and Washington Area News and Headlines. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. How to cite A Thousand Splendid Suns, Essay examples A Thousand Splendid Suns Free Essays It made me forget about the real world and dragged my mind into the world of Miriam and Leila. Miriam is a girl who was â€Å"born a Hiram, a source of shame to her father and his family’ (60). Her father Jail is of the upper-class men of Kabul, and her mother a lowly woman cast out of her home by her master Jail. We will write a custom essay sample on A Thousand Splendid Suns or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every Thursday, Jail would visit Miriam and tell her of the wondrous stories of her past, and Miriam, a naive little girl, would eat up all the Lies he feeds her. Her mother would warn her against It all, but Miriam chose to believe the happy version of events Jail told her. He was a rich man telling rich lies. Why would Marls own father be so cold-hearted to pretend to love her and aka up stories that arena even true? I think he does this because â€Å"[he is] ashamed of [her]† (50); but he doesn’t want her to know his true personality or else she wouldn’t respect him since he is her father after all. Social appearances told society whether you were worth their time or not, so Jail wanted to save his face and keep his good reputation. Nowadays, we are still Judged by our social status and appearance though it isn’t as severe and open as back then in the late asses. Maria’s mother once warned her that there was â€Å"only one skill† she had to perfect, â€Å"[a]ND it’s this: tamale. Endure† (17). We can observe how obedient Miriam Is, because she did endure. She â€Å"quietly endure[d] all that [fell] upon [her]† (82) through the good times and the bad – especially through the bad. If I had to live Maria’s life, I doubt that I would have endured through everything that came my way as well as she did. Miriam is like a coconut: she has a hard shell, and nothing can break her. But on the inside, her heart is so big and generous, yet she sometimes feels like she can’t keep up the brave face any longer. The first few days of Maria’s forced marriage were tough on her. She wasn’t used to the new surroundings and she was oiling â€Å"adrift and forlorn† (56). But little by little, chore by chore, with each smile and connection she made with her new husband, she thought to herself â€Å"that they would make good companions after all† (77). After losing her first child, Miriam returns to her state of misery and loses the connection she had with her husband Rehashed. His temper goes out of control, and everything she does has this sense of dreariness and to her â€Å"life †¦ [seems] so exhausting† (83). I can feel Maria’s despair and grief as If It were almost my own even though I have no Idea what It feels like to have lost a child. This Is an example of Chalked Hussein’s power In writing: he draws me In with his vivid words painting a clear picture in my mind. Chapter 16-25 (Part TWO) Journal #2 In Part Two of A Thousand Splendid Suns, the narrator takes us down the path of life of Leila. When she was only nine years old, the Soviet Union had already invaded Afghanistan. Some people, like Laic’s teacher, said that â€Å"the Soviet Union was the best nation in the world†¦ Mind to its workers, and its people were all equal† (101). But others disagreed strongly with this statement. Laic’s father believes firmly in education, especially for women. He thinks that education should come before marriage â€Å"because a society has no chance of success if its women are uneducated† (103), which is quite the opposite of what most other parents w ith daughters think. Leila has been â€Å"the top-ranked student† (103) for the past two years, but she feels that she cannot tell her friends Hessian and Gist as they do not have the same perspective on education as Leila and her father. Ever since Laic’s two older brothers have went off to war, her mamma has been depressed and feels like there is no point in life. She is an â€Å"unmoving blanketed mound† lying in bed everyday. From this, I inferred that mamma prefers her sons to Leila. This is a great example of how in some cultures parents favor sons over daughters. Why is this so? I think this is because of the stereotype that boys are better than girls. I see no reason why a girl cannot be as strong or smart or talented as a boy in any way. Nowadays, we try to ban this way of thinking but some people still have this belief. One afternoon, â€Å"a stranger with news† (122) came knocking at her door. He came to tell her parents that Laic’s brothers, Nor and Mad, have died triumphantly, fighting for their beloved country’s sovereignty. Many people the next morning arrived at their funeral, but all Mamma did was â€Å"sway back and forth and stare at the rug with a remote, spiritless look† (125). Contrarily, it was hard for Leila â€Å"to summon sorrow, to grieve the deaths of people [she] had never really thought of as alive in the first place† (125, 126) because her brothers had left for war when she was a very young girl. Even though the last of the Soviet convoys left the city in 1989, Mamma swore she would not celebrate nor rejoice until the Unexamined win the war against Incunabula and â€Å"hold a victory parade right here in Kabul† (138). Three years later, unexpected happened. Incunabula surrendered ! From that day on, â€Å"Mamma rose from bed a new woman† (145) and resumed her motherly chores. Unfortunately, around a week later everything unraveled and instead of having a common enemy, the Unexamined found the enemy in each other. They fired rockets at the mountains, and â€Å"the mountains fired on Kabul† (157). One day after school when Gist was walking home with her friends, a stray rocket struck them. It was only during the funeral the next day the information finally started to sink in and â€Å"[a]t last, Leila began to weep for her friend† (161). For Leila, the bad news Just kept coming like an ocean’s waves. This time it was her best friend and lover, Atari, who was moving to Pakistan. She felt betrayed and heartbroken, but at the same time she knew he had to go. Almost everyone in her neighborhood had packed their belongings and left, but Mamma refused. She said it was an â€Å"affront, a Dearly, These two women were similar; they were both compassionate and kind-hearted. One night, when Rehashed their husband was in a foul mood, Leila talked back to him. He immediately assumed it was Miriam who taught her to do this, even though they weren’t exactly friends at that time. He took out his leather belt, and that meant a beating for Miriam. Just as he brought the belt down, Leila lunged at him, pleading him to not beat Miriam. Even though Miriam was Jealous and reluctant to befriend Leila at first; she soon learned to accept and appreciate the other woman’s companionship. The beginning of their friendship sparked when Leila first asked Miriam to have tea, after a long weary day doing chores around the house. â€Å"l know it’s chilly outside, but what do you say we sinners have us a cup of chaw in the yard? † Leila asked. Miriam protested weakly at first, but gave in to the thought of a break from all the work. From then on, they had daily chaw and were no longer enemies, but n understanding came across the two of them and they started to do their chores together. I don’t relate at all to the lives of Leila and Miriam, so why did I feel their pain and their happiness like I was experiencing it? It was because Chalked Hussein wrote this book with such emotion and depth; he wound my mind carefully into the life of these two women. CONNECTIONS Chalked Hussein wrote this book with hope in his heart and a mind-blowing story to tell. He used many literary devices to spice up his book and to add more pizzazz. When Nana told Miriam â€Å"To Jail and his wives, I was a poker. A muggers. You too. † This is a powerful metaphor describing how others looked down on them because they were from a lower caste. Another device would be â€Å"early evening† and â€Å"badly out of breath†. They are examples of alliteration for emphasis on the time of day and the condition of the character. He also used similes. Some examples of that would be â€Å"She could make out the minarets in the distance, like the dusty fingers of giants†¦ † Which compares the distant towers to the fingers of a giant and â€Å"She had a mouth that ran like a sewing machine† which compares tells us that Hessian not only talked a lot but also very fast. Lastly, one example of personification is â€Å"They are not friendly countries. † A country cannot be friendly, it is the people living in the country that are friendly or not. This book was written in two perspectives: Maria’s and Laic’s. It was a bit confusing Jumping back and forth from these points of view, but it showed the opinion of these two women and laid out the two sides of this story. ANALYSIS One part of the book that was very touching was when Miriam accepted her punishment for killing Rehashed to save Leila, so that Leila can live the rest of her life peacefully and without fault. It shows owe big Maria’s heart is, how willing she was to give up her life for someone she loves. Leila wanted Miriam to run away with her, but Miriam refused. She said, â€Å"Eve killed our husband. Eve deprived your son of his father. It isn’t right that I run. I can’t. Even if they never catch us, I’ll never escape your son’s grief. † It broke my heart to see Leila leave Miriam behind, but it was decided. Miriam said Leila and her children have given her the happiness she was looking for – there was nothing else she wanted. RESPONSE The other part that moved me so much was the letter Jail wrote to Miriam to apologize Tort now en treated near, Ana now en wasn’t a good Tanner to near. He wrote, â€Å"l dare, I dare allow myself the hope that, after you read this, you will be more charitable to me than I ever was to you. That you might find it in your heart to come and see your father. That you will knock on my door one more time and give me the chance to open it this time, to welcome you, to take you in my arms, my daughter, as I should have all those years ago. It is a hope as weak as my heart. † This paragraph in his letter stood out to me the most, and it shows how sorry Jail was for not being there for his daughter all those years. For giving her away to marriage, for treating her like she wasn’t good enough for him. RESPONSE After reading the letter, I think that Jail has changed, that death’s open arms have given him a change of heart. It brought tears to my eyes, because Miriam didn’t have the chance to forgive her father and make everything right again. Why didn’t Miriam visit Jail after receiving his first letter? I think it was because she was scared of seeing him after so long, of what he would think of her, and mostly importantly she was scared of him not opening the door for her again like the day of her birthday years before. RESPONSE The message the author tried to convey was as clear as a summer sky to me. It is that friendship is something we should all treasure. It shows us that sometimes teamwork is essential to win even though sometimes we have to sacrifice. Leila and Miriam won the war against Rehashed, but in this case Miriam had to give up her life for it. It was a beautiful but heart-breaking deed: Miriam sacrificing herself for her sister and only friend Leila; she was so humble to put others before herself. In conclusion, Chalked Hussein gave the readers a very powerful image of his home country Afghanistan and showed us how strong a true friendship can be. How to cite A Thousand Splendid Suns, Papers

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicide- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicide. Answer: Introduction: Depression is one of of the common reason among the adolescent which needs treatment. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the widely used physiothearphy which is used in treating the young and the adolescents suffering from depressions. A suicidal attempt is the peak cause of deaths in adolescents today and these numbers are increasing day by day. Suicide is one of the foremost reasons for death all over the world in adolescents. It has a major effect on the comfort of the person, reasons of momentous death and mental diseases and has the same effect on their family members, society, and health of their parents. Stress, majorly forms an interpersonal conflict and primarily triggers the depressive episode or the suicidal disaster in the predisposed youths. To prevent these cases number of different methods has been adopted which deals with the suicide ideation but the most effective method is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. CBT Treatment of Depression: Suicide is the third reasons for the deaths in youths. The main reasons for the suicidal attempts in the adolescents are a depressive disorder. Here it has been found that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy can beneficial in improving the health and prospective of teens, it also improvesskills to handle theirproblem and competitionin life. All of which have been mentioned are the problems usually is with persons whohave suicidalideas. It has been believed that hopelessness is number cause for depression and needs treatment. Meanwhile, there are many treatments available for treatment but CBT has been proven the best because it deals with the roots in the sucidial feelings that were the problems has been started. The study discussed was intended to assess the effectiveness of CBT in declining in the depths suicida lideation and hopelessness in the young depressed adolescents who had a positive complete history of earlier suicidal attempt in the precedent months (Cakovic, 2008).. In a study, it has been seen that when the patients have been treated through CBT then an effective decrease in the graph of suicides so it has proved to be the suitable for sucidial cases. In 2011 to 2012 youth of age 12 to 18 years were admitted to the hospitiles after the sucide attempt whot tried in last 3 months from the different parts of the country and there parents reported that there child was under depression rom a perticular period of time (Cakovic, 2008). The CBT teratment was started with a randomized selection process. In this individulas from different parts of the country were selected on the bases of the seriousness of the sucidial attempt. In the first treatment, there were 107 youngstres which were between the age of 13 to 18 years and the has to be treated with the major depressive disorder (Cakovic, 2008).. They were divided into 3 different groups nad has to pass through three treatment phases which are as follows: First is CBT for the individual, second is systematic behaviour family therapy and last is Individual nondirective supportive therapy (Hides et.al, 2010). Each treatment consists of 12 to 16 phases which last for 10 to 16 weeks. There are aloso a special 2 to 4 sessions. Participents who were diagonsed through CBT shows lower MMD as compared to the non directive supportive tharepy. It was recorded that there is 30 percent decrease in the suicide case after the individuals who had passed through different sessions. So what was that which helps to reduce sucidial cases, it is nothing but to improve the ideation and thinking capability of the company. A second treatment was conducted where 206 depressed college students, Same randomized proceses were taken into use for selecting the individuals (Hides et.al, 2010). For the 12 weeks only to treatment were followed one is same CBT for individual and second is Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, in this different symptoms were recorded which are recorded through observing thoughts, ideation (Nelson Duncan, 2015).. A list was made after the following treatment; this list was future base for the comparison for the decrease in the suicide cases (Carmin, 2012). The inventory contains the name, their personal details, the reason for the suicide attempt and seriousness of the reason which compels him or her to attempt a suicide. It was recorded that uncontrollable depression. It is the almost the same reasons for the suicidal attempt and depression is due to many different causes from individual to individual. One most common cause is the hopelessness (Carmin, 2012). There are nostatistic major differences in all of the above mention tools which measure the chance of depression.The age distribution of the groups was not so different on which the report was made. This means that these two groups were same and equivalent and the experimental differences after the involvement can be attributed (Bowers, 2002). Since there had been different studies which had proved the congitive behavioural therapy most effective, which helps to remove the deep reason for the suicidal ideation. After the complete CBT treatment the individuals vere felt very motivated and a life time opportunity for living (Kathryn McHugh, 2010). Females were at the top of the list as they come out of the weared situation of the life which became the reason for the sucide(Nelson Duncan, 2015).. The scores which are mentioned in the control group after 3 months did not change significantly in all of them, but the scores in all of these lists decreased considerably in these group Some limitations of CBT (Kathryn McHugh, 2010). According, to the CBT report, the problems with the youth are lack of motivation in the individual because of different. So a suitable way in the treatment was found so that a feeling of inspiration should be filled which was the first step in one of the phase. Results of the cognitive behaviour therapy were outstanding because of the decrease in the rate of the suicidal attempts (Nielsen, 2015). It also reported that modern life style is also a reason for suicide because of the increase in the pressure of wether studies or work, society or family pressure puts strains on the brains of the individual force an individual to hopelessness results trying for the suicide. In the inventory, it was clearly mentioned that lack of good parenting style increases the depression in the adolescents (Nielsen, 2015). Different phases of the CBT mission only to find the key rooted reason, different therapy was preformed so that a complete scanning of the i ndividual was done. The scores which are mentioned in the above table after 3 months of study do change significantly but the scores in the entire above table are ininventory reduce significantly in the intrusion set. Conclusion: A considerable progress had been achieved in the reducing the suicidal attempts by CBT method of treatment in the past several years in adolescents. Cognitive behaviour therapy is the well established treatment for the children and adolescents (Lorenzo et.al, 2016). It gives us the evidence about the complicated reasons, so that in future there will be a decrease in the suicide cases. It shows that different angry feelings and losing self-control increase the depression in the adolescents. In CBT adolescents were asked to keep cool in every situation in life (Bowers, 2002). So, CBT treatments lay emphasis on the deeper reasons before it starts its treatments. The number of therapies for depression has increased, there is still little evidence based information indicating how or why these treatments work (Lorenzo et.al, 2016). Although an ultimate treatment for adolescent suicide who attempts suicide has yet to be established, the limited records suggest that suicidal thoughts and behaviour should be directly addressed for best treatment result (Bowers, 2002). Training adolescents in specific skills for coping depression and affect good techniques that can be applied to thoughts and behaviours associated with suicidal cases. However, future trials for the CBT is very necessary because it has been proven the optimal way to reduce the suicidal risk in the individuals and the parents of such individuals should actively participate in the forcing their children who are depressed and hopeless in life to pass through the CBT treatment process which helps them to remove the ill thought from their mindsets (Persons, 2016). References Bowers, W. (2002). Cognitive therapy for anorexia nervosa.Cognitive And Behavioral Practice,9(3), 247-253. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1077-7229(02)80056-6 Cakovic, L. (2008). CBT treatment of depression-case study.European Psychiatry,23, S299. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.654 Carmin, C. (2012). Cognitive Behavior Therapy With Older Adults.Cognitive And Behavioral Practice,19(1), 87-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.07.001 Hides, l., samet, s., lubman, d. (2010). Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of co-occurring depression and substance use: Current evidence and directions for future research.Drug And Alcohol Review,29(5), 508-517. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00207.x Kathryn McHugh, R. (2010). Evidence-Based Practice of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.Cognitive Behaviour Therapy,39(1), 78-78. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16506070903190260 Lorenzo-Luaces, L., Keefe, J., DeRubeis, R. (2016). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Nature and Relation to Non-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.Behavior Therapy,47(6), 785-803. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.012 Nelson, E., Duncan, A. (2015). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using Televideo.Cognitive And Behavioral Practice,22(3), 269-280. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.03.001 Nielsen, M. (2015). CBT group treatment for depression.The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist,8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x15000173 Persons, J. (2016).Science in Practice in Cognitive Behavior Therapy.Cognitive And Behavioral Practice,23(4), 454-458. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.01.003

The Epic of Gilgamesh free essay sample

What is the historical significance of The Epic of Gilgamesh? The historical significance of The Epic of Gilgamesh was being the first masterpiece of World Literature that dated back in 2800 BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh portrayed the lifestyle, believed, and culture of people lived during that era. The story of Gilgamesh hold tremendous history values since the it was lost in 100 BEC until the British Archeologist found it again in 1840s CE. Rediscovered the tablet of the Gilgamesh allows present day to make connection with the past. What does this story tell us about the human condition? The human condition in that era are consider to be undeveloped and Gilgamesh portrait as a king with power to do whatever he wish until the gods decides to punish him. From that example of the story it tell us that the society follow under one ruler and class between rich and poor are greatly divided. We will write a custom essay sample on The Epic of Gilgamesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What does this story tell us about the culture that produced it? Base on the story of Gilgamesh, people did not fully understand dead or know how to cope with dead but instead they strongly believe in gods and mythology creatures. I believe that Men and Women are being view as equal and they are fairly open about their sexual lifestyle in the story of Gilgamesh. Men and women share the same level of social status and women play important role during Gilgameshs era which can be seen as Shamhat, a mortal who was sent to by the gods to seduce Enkidu and change him from the beast lifestyle to human lifestyle. Does this epic hold any message for us today? The message in The Epic of Gilgamesh tell us that human in that era staring to realized and question the separation of life and dead. As of today, we are still trying to understand and define whether people life end when they die or there are other world that specify for the dead. This epic also point out that human are design to live in a society, and not meant to be alone. This can be seen as Gilgamesh changed when he met Enkidu, Gilgamesh also learned the important of a friendship, companionship, and lastly learned how to grief a love one when Enkidu died.

Thank You Note Definition and Writing Tips

Thank You Note Definition and Writing Tips A thank-you note is a type of correspondence in which the writer expresses gratitude for a gift, service, or opportunity. Personal thank-you notes are customarily handwritten on cards. Business-related thank-you notes are usually typed on company letterhead, but they, too, may be handwritten. Basic Elements of a Thank-You Note [The] basic elements for writing a thank-you note should include: Address the individual(s), using a  salutation  or greeting. . . .Say thank you.Identify the gift (be certain to get this one right. It does not look good to thank Mr. and Mrs. Smith for the lingerie when they sent you a toaster.)Express how you feel about the gift and what it will be used for.Add a personal note or message.Sign your thank-you note. Within this framework, there is a great deal of latitude. When preparing to write a note, sit for a moment and consider your relationship with the person to whom you are writing. Is it intimate and personal? Is it someone you know as an acquaintance? Are you writing to a complete stranger? This should dictate the tone of your writing. (Gabrielle Goodwin and David Macfarlane, Writing Thank-You Notes: Finding the Perfect Words. Sterling, 1999) Six Steps to Writing a Personal Thank-You Note [1]Dear Aunt Dee, [2]Thank you so much for the great new duffel bag. [3]I cant wait to use it in my spring break cruise. The bright orange is just perfect. Not only is it my favorite color (you know that!), but Ill be able to spot my bag a mile away! Thanks for such a fun, personal, and really useful gift! [4]Im really looking forward to seeing you when I get back. Ill come over to show you pictures from the trip! [5]Thanks again for always thinking of me. [6]Love, Maggie [1] Greet the recipient. [2] Clearly state why you are writing. [3] Elaborate on why you are writing. [4] Build the relationship. [5] Restate why you are writing. [6] Give your regards. (Angela Ensminger and Keeley Chace, Note-worthy: A Guide to Writing Great Personal Notes. Hallmark, 2007) Thank-You Note Following a Job Interview An essential job-seeking technique, as well as a gesture of courtesy, is to thank the person who interviews you. Write a note immediately after the interview and before a decision has been made. State what you liked about the interview, the company, the position. Emphasize briefly and specifically your suitability for the job. Address concerns about your qualifications that came up during the interview. Mention any issue that you didnt have the opportunity to discuss. If you felt you misspoke or left the wrong impression, this is where you can correct your interviewbut be brief and subtle. You dont want to remind the interviewer of a weak point. (Rosalie Maggio, How to Say It: Choice Words, Phrases, Sentences, and Paragraphs for Every Situation, 3rd ed. Penguin, 2009) Thank-You Notes to College Admission Offices Call it a testament to how carefully students court college admissions offices these days: Thank-you notes have become the new frontier. . . . Miss Manners, Judith Martin, who writes a syndicated etiquette column that runs in more than 200 newspapers, says she, for one, does not think thanks are needed for a campus visit: I would never, ever say, Don’t write a thank-you note under any circumstances. I don’t want to discourage them. But it is not really a situation that is mandatory. Still, some admissions advisers [disagree]. It seems like a small thing, but I tell my students that every contact with the college contributes to their perception of you, said Patrick J. O’Connor, director of college counseling at the private Roeper School in Birmingham, Mich. (Karen W. Arenson, Thank-You Note Enters College Admission Game. The New York Times, Oct. 9, 2007) A CEOs Thank-You Notes Dear Bloomberg Businessweek Friends, Thank you for asking my perspective on writing thank you notes. In my 10 years as President and CEO of Campbell Soup Company, I sent out over 30,000 notes to our 20,000 employees. I found it was a powerful way to reinforce our strategies, to let our employees know we were paying attention and to let them know that we cared. I kept my notes short (50-70 words) and to the point. They celebrated accomplishments and contributions of real significance. They were virtually all handwritten to make the communication more authentic and personal. It is a practice that I highly recommend. Good luck! Doug (Douglas Conant, Write a Thank-You Note. Bloomberg Businessweek, Sep. 22, 2011) Thank-You Note to Anita Hill Anita Hill, I want to personally thank you for what you did for us twenty years ago. Thank you for speaking up and speaking out. Thank you for your quiet dignity, your eloquence and elegance, your grace under pressure. Thank you for illuminating the complexities of female powerlessness and for explaining why you didn’t complain when the offense first occurred, and for describing how cowed and coerced a woman can feel when she’s hit upon by a man who controls her economic destiny. . . . (Letty Cottin Pogrebin, A Thank-You Note to Anita Hill. The Nation, Oct. 24, 2011)

Joining the esthetics profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joining the esthetics profession - Essay Example As I reflect upon the life-lessons learned over the course of 40 years, I realize that joining the esthetics profession represents the culmination of my dreams and interests.   As I was growing up, I had a consistent interest in the dental, esthetician, and designer fields; which demonstrates to me that The author has always recognized the importance of personal appearance.   I initially pursued a career in dentistry, obtaining certification in dental assisting (CDA) in 1988 and taking additional dental courses, as well as EFDA and x-ray certification, in 1989.   As I grew older, married and had children, I witnessed first-hand how important appearance really is; people tend to judge an individual on their appearance.   It has become very important to me to help people achieve their esthetic goals and develop a positive self image.   I feel that I can best accomplish this through a career in the esthetics field. For the future, I have determined to learn as much as possible about esthetics, and become a licensed esthetician.   Ultimately, I hope to work for a plastic surgeon and then achieve my dream of opening my own business.   I am convinced that admission to the Euro Institute Esthetician School will best equip me to fulfill my life goals and achieve my dream. Organizational skill has impacted her personal and professional success by equipping her to accomplish the goals set before her.   I initially pursued a career in dentistry, obtaining certification in dental assisting.

Materials & Manufacturing Process Selection Coursework - 1

Materials & Manufacturing Process Selection - Coursework Example Now, Aston Martin is a British luxury car makers and being a sports car Aston Martin lays much importance on its brake discs. According to Nice(2014) â€Å"Most modern cars have disc brakes on the front wheels, and some have disc brakes on all four wheels. This is the part of the brake system that does the actual work of stopping the car†. The brake disc controls the car in a unique way as it is directly related to the performance of the car. As we know, the brake disc are used for vehicle braking and is usually made of cast iron. In a sports car like Aston Martin, the break disc is controlled by the amount of pressure placed by the sports driver on the breaking pads. The brake disc is connected with other assembly parts of car like the piston, brake hose, wheel stud, caliper and break hose. The brake disc is exposed to many situation while it is operating and one of them is the stresses. One of the stress is the thermal stress because the car is fast paced and any kind of heat exposure can have credible effect on the brake disc. In this case study, the brake disc is designed for the Aston Martin and being a luxury sports car, it demands brake disc which can resist much temperature hike. Usually, the break disc need to resist temperature as high as 150 – 300 degree centigrade. When the vehicle operates it is exposed to many situations and the brake disc need to control the wear and tear and also the friction at this point. According to Agnihotri ( 2014,pg.40-49) â€Å"The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert friction to heat, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat†. Normally, the brake disc operates in a harsh environment and should be designed to withstand extreme temperature and tedious service atmospheres. To obtain optimum racing brake and service condition the brake disc is manufactured

Impact of Direct Tax on Consumer Equilibrium

Impact of Direct Tax on Consumer Equilibrium OBJECTIVE This term paper is being done in order to check and determine the effect of various factors of the direct tax that have an impact on the consumer equilibrium. The main objective of this term paper is as under: To determine what is direct tax and consumer equilibrium Analysis of articles Impact of direct tax and other factors on consumer equilibrium. INTRODUCTION In introduction , we will start with the basic like- what is direct tax and what is consumer equilibrium. We will discuss these two in a elaborated manner. DIRECT TAX CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM DIRECT TAX The term direct tax generally means a tax paid directly to the government by the persons on whom it is imposed.In the general sense, a direct tax is one paid directly to the government by the persons. on whom it is imposed (often accompanied by a tax return filed by the taxpayer). Examples include some income taxes, some corporate taxes, and transfer taxes such as estate (inheritance) tax and gift tax. In this sense, a direct tax is contrasted with an indirect tax or collected tax (such as sales tax or value added tax (VAT)); a collected tax is one which is collected by intermediaries who turn over the proceeds to the government and file the related tax return. Some commentators have argued that a direct tax is one that cannot be shifted by the taxpayer to someone else, whereas an indirect tax can be. The direct tax definition is not complete until we do not define or throw some light on indirect tax, thus- INDIRECT TAX A tax that is not assessed on and collected from those who are intended to bear it. Unlike a direct tax , it cannot take individual circumstances into account. Although levied on Producers , the burden of an indirect tax may be shift to consumers. Ex: value added tax, sales tax, payroll tax and excise duties CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM When consumers make choices about the quantity of goods and services to consume, it is presumed that their objective is toÂÂ  maximize total utility.ÂÂ  In maximizing total utility, the consumer faces a number ofÂÂ  constraints, the most important of which are the consumersÂÂ  incomeÂÂ  and theÂÂ  pricesÂÂ  of the goods and services that the consumer wishes to consume. The consumers effort to maximize total utility, subject to these constraints, is referred to as theÂÂ  consumers problem.ÂÂ  The solution to the consumers problem, which entails decisions about how much the consumer will consume of a number of goods and services, is referred to asÂÂ  consumer equilibrium. Determination of consumer equilibrium.ÂÂ  Consider the simple case of a consumer who cares about consuming only two goods: good 1 and good 2. This consumer knows the prices of goods 1 and 2 and has a fixed income or budget that can be used to purchase quantities of goods 1 and 2. The consumer will purchase quantities of goods 1 and 2 so as to completely exhaust the budget for such purchases. The actual quantities purchased of each good are determined by the condition for consumer equilibrium, which isÂÂ   This condition states that the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 1 must equal the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 2. If, for example, the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 1 were higher than the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 2, then it would make sense for the consumer to purchase more of good 1 rather than purchasing any more of good 2. After purchasing more and more of good 1, the marginal utility of good 1 will eventually fall due to the law of diminishing marginal utility, so that the marginal utility per dollar spent on good 1 will eventually equal that of good 2. Of course, the amount purchased of goods 1 and 2 cannot be limitless and will depend not only on the marginal utilities per dollar spent, but also on the consumers budget. LITERATURE REVIEW Hegde, Prakash and Barve, Nachiket, June 27,2010, Impact of direct tax code on individual, BUISNESS LINE says that Though most of the existing provisions of the income-tax law are finding place in the DTC, many provisions are new or modified that will affect the individuals significantly.The prominent ones are like DTC proposed significant reduction in individual income-tax by increasing tax slabs 30 per cent tax rate at an income level of Rs 25 lakh (present Rs 8 lakh).If proposed tax slabs and rates are implemented, then taxpayers take-home pay may see a substantial jump. However, in view of relaxation or rollbacks of other tax proposals, one has to wait and watch whether Government still intends to offer the proposed tax slabs and rates. EEE preferred over EET, EET results in higher tax at retirement in contrast to ability to pay. Recognising the fact of absence of a well developed social security system and other challenges (technical / administrative) Government thought it fit to retain EEE and partial EET. One of the strange provisions in DTC, which had not caught public attention but can affect a common man travelling abroad, is furnishing an undertaking to the tax officer to the effect that he has made satisfactory arrangement for discharging his tax liability in India before he leaves India. The tax officer has to issue a no-objection certificate for his travel. If travel is made without a no-objection certificate from the tax office, the owner or charterer of the aircraft will be held responsible to pay the taxes due, if any.This process would have been more of a hurdle than a smooth ride. Gillingham, Robert and Greenlees, John S, 4 August 1987, The Impact of Direct Taxes on the Cost of Living says in the article that, a cost-of-living index including direct taxes. They show its relationship to the traditional index and demonstrate how non consumption costs are properly treated. They then define a fixed-weight approximation, a tax and price index (TPI). Using federal, state, local, and social security tax rates for 1967- 85, the authors construct annual TPI series based on household data. They find that inclusion of direct taxes has sizable impacts on the estimated rate of inflation. Partitioning their household sample, they find that recognition of taxes significantly alters inflation rate differentials estimated using consumption prices alone. Subramani, V.K, 29, August 2010, Expectation from code revision, according to the author, There is a huge expectation that the revised Code would address the concerns of the taxpayers at large, by retaining the existing tax concessions and providing smooth transition, with minimal scope for confusion or litigation. There is Positives, negatives traits of the code. There are some positives in the first draft of the DTC, such as: (i) minimum rate of personal tax at 10 per cent for incomes up to Rs 10 lakh;(ii) deduction in respect of savings (similar to Section 80C) up to Rs 3 lakh;(iii) presumptive taxation of income for turnover up to Rs 100 lakh;(iv) short-term capital loss under the present law, called as terminal allowance in the DTC, eligible for deduction while computing business income; and(v) making reference to financial year instead of the currently used terms such as previous year and assessment year.The negatives of the DTC, prima facie, include: (i) clubbing of spouse inc ome with the income of spouse, whoever has higher income;(ii) restricting the exemption in respect of accumulated balance in provident fund account up to March 31, 2011;(iii) denying carry forward of business loss to any year, if the return is filed beyond the due date both in the year of incurring loss and any subsequent year in which it is carried forward with or without set off ;(iv) denying deduction in respect of medical treatment expenses (present Section 80 DDB) to HUF;(v) reduction in time limit for passing order of rectification to two years;(vi) advancing the date for filing the return of tax base and imposing penalty for failure to file tax base return before the due date as against the present time limit of March 31 of the assessment year; and(vii) giving precedence to the DTC in the event of conflict between DTAA and DTC. Parthasarathy, Suresh, 20,June 2010, How the revised tax code impact us, BUISNESS LINE, says that without social security the proposed EET (Exempt-Exempt-Taxed) structure was harsh on individuals, the revised code has proposed to bring some relief to long-term savings investment such as PF, PPF, New Pension Scheme, approved pure life insurance, annuity schemes and GPF. These will now be subject to the Exempt-Exempt-Exempt (EEE) method of taxation rather the EET model proposed last year. . The revised DTC proposes to follow the existing method of tax deduction on home loan at least for the interest paid. In case of the house being self-occupied, the individual will be eligible for deduction of interest on capital borrowed for acquisition or construction of the house, subject to a ceiling of Rs 1.5 lakh, from the gross total income. This revised proposal is a change from the earlier stand of disallowing tax exemptions on the interest and principal paid on house property. The New Pensio n Scheme, was struggling to find patronage owing to uncertainties relating to its tax structure. In a attempt to make this scheme more attractive and to introduce some flexibility in making withdrawals in lump sum without being subject to taxation, the revised code proposes to extend the EEE method of taxation to the pension scheme administered by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority, apart from PF, GPF and recognised Provident Funds. Under the revised code, capital gains arising on account of transfer of equity shares or units of an equity oriented fund held for more than one year will be computed after allowing a deduction at a specific percentage of capital gains without any indexation. Buch, Drupadh, 30 July 2010How Revised Direct Taxes Code Will Impact Senior Citizens, EZINE ARTICLES, according to the author of the article, it states that how direct tax has impact on senior citizen there has not made any changes in the Income Tax Rates and Income Tax Slabs that were proposed in the original draft. That means there is no change in the basic exemption limit for the Senior Citizens (resident individual of 65 years or above), which is 240,000 per year. In the revised DTC, there is no change in the limit of deductions from taxable income for savings in specified investments. In the original draft, the limit has been proposed to be revised to 300,000 from the present limit of 100,000. However, it should not make much difference to the Senior Citizens, as the tax incentives for savings are basically meant for the youngsters. , the retirement benefits such as gratuity, commuted pension, voluntary retirement compensation and leave encashment will be exempt from tax subject to specified limits. Original Draft DTC had proposed a scheme of deferment of tax on retirement benefits, that is, the retirement benefits would not be taxed if it were invested in a Special Retirement Benefit Account, which would be subsequently taxed in the year of withdrawal. In the New DTC, be it in the original draft or in the revised discussion paper, there is nothing very much special for the senior citizens except the higher income tax slabs and the corresponding reduced tax rates. If the basic exemption limit of 240,000 for senior citizens were revised substantially, it would have definitely been a great boon to the Senior Citizens. Latest IRI Research Finds a New Consumer Equilibrium Emerging as Economy Continues to Transform It is no secret that the ongoing economic turmoil is dramatically affecting consumers shopping and purchase behaviors. Consumers are eating out less, reducing the number of doctor visits and foregoing vacations to stretch their limited dollars. But, which consumer groups are driving these cost-saving strategies? The latest research from Information Resources (1) The data and information assets of an organization, department or unit. See data administration. (2) Another name for the Information Systems (IS) or Information Technology (IT) department. See IT. , Inc. (IRI), Competing in a Transforming Economy 4.0: The New Equilibrium leverages post-inaugural survey results to identify key consumer segments that are leading the change and helps retailers and manufacturers connect with their most important consumers. Since the beginning of 2009, a new consumer equilibrium has emerged in which behaviors initially implemented to weather the storm have the potential to last well beyond an economic recovery. In this phase of our research, we went beyond studying the common spending, self-reliance and self-health strategies that are becoming common place in todays environment and examined how economic pressures have driven different types of consumersby income level, household composition and even varying consumer mindsetsto change their strategies. Gidwan, Sunil and Desai, Jignesh, October, 2010, New Direct Tax Code: Impact on Banking sector, THE ANALYST. According to the author, The DTC is a good step taken by the Government of India to reduce litigations and simplify the tax provisions followed for nearly five decades. The banking sector plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. In India, the financial service sector is now acknowledged as the next growth engine. It is therefore crucial that fiscal policies recognize this role and through various measures support and strengthen the sector. Despite the representation made on behalf of the financial service sector after the first draft of the Direct Tax Code (DTC), the new DTC does not seem to address some of the issues faced by the banking sector. India has a better banking system in place, as compared to the other developing countries, but there are several issues that need to be addressed in order to ensure that these issues do not remain as hurdles in t he sustained economic development of the country. . A number of stringent proposals were brought in the draft Direct Taxes Code, 2009. There were several areas of concern. Most of them, such as asset-based Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) and treaty override, were addressed by the Finance Minister through the release of a Revised Discussion paper earlier in June this year SOURCE OF DATA: The source of data that I have used is SECONDARY SOURCE DATA. Secondary data is elected in form of information which has already been collected by someone. Along with this some information on direct tax, their features are collected from internet. For more information regarding research methodology , books from library have been referred. ANALYSIS OF THE TOPIC The direct tax and the consumer equilibrium has a direct relationship with each other. The direct tax code slabs affect the consumer in many ways and its not just only direct tax that has an impact on the consumer equilibrium there are many other things that effect consumer equilibrium. When the direct tax which are implemented on the individual are low, i.e., the rate of tax that a consumer has to pay is minimum, it provides him the larger window to earn more money as less money will be deducted from his earnings. Due to this the budget line of the consumer will show the deviation, it will move towards right side INDIFFERENCE CURVE EQUILIBRIUM POINT BUDGET LINE QTY OF A QTY OF B Fig a:High direct tax Figb: Low direct tax As we can see the above figure depicts if the direct tax that the individual has to pay are decreased than there will be the upwards shiftment of the budget line which will allow the consumer to buy more products by increasing his budgets. Indifference curve in the figure plays an important role , indifference curve should be tangential to the budget line because its the most optimum level at which the consumer could use his budget to get maximum satisfaction. The following conditions should be kept in mind for consumer equilibrium: Consumer spends all the income in buying two commodities ;hence point of equilibrium will lie on budget line. The point of equilibrium will always be on the highest possible indifference curve that consumer can reach. Slope of indifference curve should be equal to the slope of budget line. In other words: MUm/MUn = Pm/Pn There are also some major factors that has effect on consumer equilibrium, which are as under: Price effect Income effect Substitution effect Price Effect: Change in the price of the any of the goods he consumes will also lead to change the equilibrium point. Price effect shows the reaction of consumer to the change in the price of a commodity, other things remaining the same. It measures the change in amount (quantity) demanded of a commodity with change in its price when price of the other commodity with which it is being combined remains the same. When there is increase in the price of a commodity, obviously he consumes it less (and becomes worse off). And when the price of the commodity decreases or falls, he consumes the commodity more (and becomes better off). Remaining the consumption of a commodity in the combination same, it is clear that when the price of commodity (another in combination) increases, consumer shifts to the lower indifference curve, and when price falls, consumer goes to higher indifference curve. When the price of a commodity in X-axis increases (remaining the price of commodity on Y axis same, consumer will certainly reduce the consumption of commodity in X axis. Budget line shifts downward. After increase in the price of good in X axis, his budget line moves down wards. He gets the new equilibrium point at which it is lower. This is in case of rise in price of a commodity. Price Consumption Curve may be upward sloping, downward sloping (or backward sloping). Nature of slope of PCC shows the types of goods and their cross elasticity of two goods. Slope PCC is dependent on the nature of goods whether they are inferior, superior, luxurious or whether the combination is complements or substitutes. Income effect: When there is change in income of consumer, there is change in equilibrium point due to change in quantity demanded; when there is change in income, there is shift in budget line. Generally income and quantity demanded relationship is positive. But it depends on the nature of goods whether it is inferior or normal. If good is griffin paradox or inferior, income demand relationship is negative. A line joining equilibrium points which are set due to change in income is income consumption curve. When there is increase in income , quantity demanded of both commodities increases. PL is the original budget line or price line. When income of consumer decreases from PL to PL1, consumer consumes both the commodities less and Equilibrium E1 is set on new budget line P1L1 and in lower Indifference Curve IC1. But when there is increase in income of consumer, his budget line shifts upward to the right from the origin (P2L2). During increase in income, consumer consumes both the commodities more and equilibrium is set at point E2 on higher IC on budget line P2L2. Both commodities in X and Y axis are normal goods so ICC is sloping upward. E2 E1 P2L2 PL P1L1 PL1 Substitution Effect: Substitution effect is also one of the responsible factor to cause change in consumers equilibrium. Substitution effect is the result of consumers inherent tendency to substitute cheaper goods for the relatively expensive ones. Substitution effect means the change in the purchase of a commodity as a consequence of change in relative price alone, real income remaining the constant.When price of a good changes, the real income (or purchasing power) of the consumer is also changed. To keep real income of the consumer constant so that the effect due to change in relative price may be known, price change is compensated by simultaneous change in income. For example when the price of good X falls, real of consumer increases. To find the substitution effect (i.e change in demand of X due to change in its relative price), we reduce the money income of consumer (to cancel the increase in real income due to fall in price of X). For further study of substitution, two slightly different theories have been developed. Theory developed by Hicks and Allen is called Hicks Substitution Effect and theory developed by E.Slutsky is known as Slutsky Substitution Effect MERITS/DEMERITS OF DIRECT TAX MERITS OF DIRECT TAXES Direct taxes are the main income sources of government. These taxes are easy to calculate on income and wealth of individuals and businesses. Direct taxes finance government affairs to run smoothly. These taxes help government to start and continue public welfare operations DEMERITS OF DIRECT TAX The implementation or direct tax is a tough job as people are resistant and show wrong assessment of their income and avoid tax payment. Direct tax has the negative impact of individual income and decrease the amount of disposable income. The collection is difficult as compare to indirect tax where consumer do not feel a direct burden of tax. Cost of collection of direct tax is greater than indirect tax. Change in the rate and pattern is also difficult for direct taxes as compare to indirect taxes